http://www.bmw.com/com/en/newvehicles/i/i8/2013/showroom/index.html
Monday, September 16, 2013
BMW i8
The German Bayerische Motoren Werke in english Bavarian Motor Works BMW is set to revolutionize its sport car presenting what is known as the most progressive sports car.
http://www.bmw.com/com/en/newvehicles/i/i8/2013/showroom/index.html
http://www.bmw.com/com/en/newvehicles/i/i8/2013/showroom/index.html
Friday, September 13, 2013
Automatic transmission modes
Automatic transmission(Automatic gearbox) have been around for sometimes now.It was invented in 1921 by Alfred Hormer Munro of Regina,Saskatchewan Canada,so definitely its a familiar system in Auto world.Automatic transmission is a gear system/transmission system that automatically select gear ratios,velocity and movement base on the speed of the car freeing the driver from the shifting the gears manually.
Automatic transmissions can also be driven like manual transmissions Manual mode M or +,- mode.
The US standard have modes ordered P R N D L prior this mode arrangement is the P N D L R ever since the US standard mode arrangement there have been lot of modifications and adjustment to this arrangement due to technological advancement and need to include more efficient and high tech modes.
Automatic transmissions have different types of mode depending on maker and model of the transmission.Below are some common modes in Auto transmisssions
P (Park)
All auto transmissions have this mode,it mechanically restrict vehicle from moving by preventing transmission from rotating,locking the output of the shaft of transmission however some vehicle still tends to slip if parked on a slopy edge or surface its then advised that the handbrake be used after the selection gear have been shifted to park to prevent total movement.Car engines can be started when the shifter is on mode P(park) and N(neutral),this is because the open inhibitor switch all known as neutral safety switch wired in series with the starter motor engagement circuit is closed when P and N is selected.
R(Reverse)
This gear selection mode allows backward movement of the vehicle and it activate a switch that turns on backup light for improved vision.Selecting R in most vehicle the driver must come to a halt in other not to damage the transmission however some modern auto transmission have a safety mechanism which requires the brake pedal to be matched in order to allow the selection of reverse.The shifter can simply be move from R to N or N to D without depressing the button but it can`t be shift back to R without depressing the button
N(Neutral)
This mode disengages all the gears with the transmission,hence it can move freely on its own weight and gain momentum without force.The vehicle might be stagnant if N mode is selected before the vehicle moves and on a plane surface.
D(Drive)
The drive shift allows the transmission to activate its full range of available forward gears and accelerate through it ranges of gears,the gear ratio present depends on the maker and model four,five,six or over
OD(Overdrive)
OD is is used in some modern transmission system it allow early computer controlled transmission to engage OD.The mode D locks off the automatic OD though similar or identical otherwise but the OD is engaged under steady speed or low acceleration.
3(Third)
This shift mode limits the gear transmission to the first three gears or sometimes locks the transmission in the third gear however if the maximum(Revolution Per Minute) RPM is reached it can cause engine damage so its recommended for truck towing
2(second)
2 mode limits transmission to the first two gear or locks transmission in the second gear,its common on cars like ford,kia,and Honda models.Its recommended for snow/ice driving and climbing or descending a hill
1(first)
This mode locks the transmission in the first gear only in older model it will not change from 1 automatically except you shift manually while in newer vehicles it automatically shift out of 1 if a certain RPM is reached to prevent engine damage
D5
This mode is equipped with auto 5 forward gear ratio and it uses all the 5 gears ratio.The mode D5 is commonly use for highway driving and found majorly in Honda and Acuras
D4
D4 uses 4 gear ratio that is it uses the first four gear ratios its also in Honda and Acura commonly use for city driving
D3
Uses only the first three gear ratios,its commonly found in Honda,Acura,VW and pontiac with 4 speed auto it can also be use for city driving where the traffic is not too light
D2 and D1
Uses the first two transmission gears in this mode D2 the car start in D2 and up shift to the third gear ratio and its commonly found in older ford transmission
S(Sport)
Its a similar mode to Drive but the up shift changes much higher up the engine revolution range,this is maximizing the available engine output to enhance the performance of the vehicle due to this effect the S mode consumes more fuel than D mode.
+,- and M
Manual mode selection of gears in certain automatic transmissions such as Porsche`s Tiptronic and Honda Steptronic and few other products with Tronic features,some don't have the M mode but have the + and - the driver can shift by toggling the mounted console shift
W(Winter)
This mode engage the second gear instead of the first gear when pulling away from stationery to reduce the likelihood of loss of traction due to wheel spin on ice or snow this is similar to function D2 on GMs,kia, and Honda automatics,it can be access by moving gear shifter to mode D2 to start,then taking your foot off the accelerator while selecting D once the car is moving.The W mode is found in some Volvo,Mercedes Benz,BMW and GMs of European model
B(Brake)
B is a mode selectable on some Toyota model in non-hybrid cars,this mode let the engine do compression braking also known as engine braking typically when encountering a steep hill,it has the same effect in slowing car without using brakes.
The US standard have modes ordered P R N D L prior this mode arrangement is the P N D L R ever since the US standard mode arrangement there have been lot of modifications and adjustment to this arrangement due to technological advancement and need to include more efficient and high tech modes.
Automatic transmissions have different types of mode depending on maker and model of the transmission.Below are some common modes in Auto transmisssions
P (Park)
All auto transmissions have this mode,it mechanically restrict vehicle from moving by preventing transmission from rotating,locking the output of the shaft of transmission however some vehicle still tends to slip if parked on a slopy edge or surface its then advised that the handbrake be used after the selection gear have been shifted to park to prevent total movement.Car engines can be started when the shifter is on mode P(park) and N(neutral),this is because the open inhibitor switch all known as neutral safety switch wired in series with the starter motor engagement circuit is closed when P and N is selected.
R(Reverse)
This gear selection mode allows backward movement of the vehicle and it activate a switch that turns on backup light for improved vision.Selecting R in most vehicle the driver must come to a halt in other not to damage the transmission however some modern auto transmission have a safety mechanism which requires the brake pedal to be matched in order to allow the selection of reverse.The shifter can simply be move from R to N or N to D without depressing the button but it can`t be shift back to R without depressing the button
N(Neutral)
This mode disengages all the gears with the transmission,hence it can move freely on its own weight and gain momentum without force.The vehicle might be stagnant if N mode is selected before the vehicle moves and on a plane surface.
D(Drive)
The drive shift allows the transmission to activate its full range of available forward gears and accelerate through it ranges of gears,the gear ratio present depends on the maker and model four,five,six or over
OD(Overdrive)
OD is is used in some modern transmission system it allow early computer controlled transmission to engage OD.The mode D locks off the automatic OD though similar or identical otherwise but the OD is engaged under steady speed or low acceleration.
3(Third)
This shift mode limits the gear transmission to the first three gears or sometimes locks the transmission in the third gear however if the maximum(Revolution Per Minute) RPM is reached it can cause engine damage so its recommended for truck towing
2(second)
2 mode limits transmission to the first two gear or locks transmission in the second gear,its common on cars like ford,kia,and Honda models.Its recommended for snow/ice driving and climbing or descending a hill
1(first)
This mode locks the transmission in the first gear only in older model it will not change from 1 automatically except you shift manually while in newer vehicles it automatically shift out of 1 if a certain RPM is reached to prevent engine damage
D5
This mode is equipped with auto 5 forward gear ratio and it uses all the 5 gears ratio.The mode D5 is commonly use for highway driving and found majorly in Honda and Acuras
D4
D4 uses 4 gear ratio that is it uses the first four gear ratios its also in Honda and Acura commonly use for city driving
D3
Uses only the first three gear ratios,its commonly found in Honda,Acura,VW and pontiac with 4 speed auto it can also be use for city driving where the traffic is not too light
D2 and D1
Uses the first two transmission gears in this mode D2 the car start in D2 and up shift to the third gear ratio and its commonly found in older ford transmission
S(Sport)
Its a similar mode to Drive but the up shift changes much higher up the engine revolution range,this is maximizing the available engine output to enhance the performance of the vehicle due to this effect the S mode consumes more fuel than D mode.
+,- and M
Manual mode selection of gears in certain automatic transmissions such as Porsche`s Tiptronic and Honda Steptronic and few other products with Tronic features,some don't have the M mode but have the + and - the driver can shift by toggling the mounted console shift
W(Winter)
This mode engage the second gear instead of the first gear when pulling away from stationery to reduce the likelihood of loss of traction due to wheel spin on ice or snow this is similar to function D2 on GMs,kia, and Honda automatics,it can be access by moving gear shifter to mode D2 to start,then taking your foot off the accelerator while selecting D once the car is moving.The W mode is found in some Volvo,Mercedes Benz,BMW and GMs of European model
B(Brake)
B is a mode selectable on some Toyota model in non-hybrid cars,this mode let the engine do compression braking also known as engine braking typically when encountering a steep hill,it has the same effect in slowing car without using brakes.
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